Edited 21 Jan 24
“CASE of FRIES” in 1800
https://law.resource.org/pub/us/case/reporter/F.Cas/0009.f.cas/0009.f.cas.0924.pdf
Circuit Court, D. Pennsylvania
April 29, 1800
TREASON AGAINST UNITED STATES DEFINED-INSURRECTION TO RESIST EXECUTION OF A LAW-INTENT-NUMBERS ENGAGED-PRINCIPAL AND ACCESSORY
{1. An insurrection or rising of any body of the people to resist, or to prevent by force or violence, the execution of any statute of the United States for levying or collecting taxes, duties, imposts, or exercises, or for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, or for any other object of a general nature or national concern, under any pretense, as that the statute is unjust, burthensome, oppressive, or unconstitutional, is “levying war” against the United States within the contemplation and construction of the constitution.}
{2. The assembling of bodies of men, armed and arrayed in a warlike manner, for purposes only of a private nature, is not treason, although the judges or other peace officers should be insulted or resisted, or even great outrages committed to the persons or property of citizens.}
{3. The true criterion is the intention with which the people assembled. When the intention is universal general, as to effect some object of a general public nature, it will be treason, and cannot be considered, construed, or reduced to riot. On the other hand, the commission of any number of felonies, riots, or misdemeanors cannot alter their nature so as to make them amount to treason.}
{4. If a body of people conspire and meditate an insurrection to resist or oppose the execution of any statute of the United States by force, they are only guilty of high misdemeanor; but if they proceed to carry such intention into execution by force, they are guilty of treason of levying war, and the quantum of force employed neither lessens nor increases the crime; whether by 100 or 1,000 persons is wholly immaterial.}
{5. There are no accessories to the crime of treason; but all the particeps criminis are principals. All persons present, aiding, assisting, or abetting any treasonable act, or who are present, countenancing, and are ready to afford assistance, if necessary, to those committing a treasonable act, are principals.}
{6. If a man joins and acts with an assembly of people, his intent is always to be considered and adjudged to be the same as theirs, and the law judges of the intent by the fact.}
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Treason is, in fact, defined in the Constitution. But I can see how you might prefer to ignore that fact.
Tell your indicted former 45th-enabling interpretation to the Colorado District and Supreme Courts, Mr. Luttig, Mr. Tribe, CREW, Couy Griffin, New Mexico’s District and Supreme Courts.